Modrek, A. S., & Wolf, S. (2024). Is the development of diversification in executive functioning universal? Longitudinal evidence from Ghana. Social Development, e12764.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12764
We examine the structure of executive functioning in a longitudinal sample of Ghanaian children ages 3-12, finding diversification of executive functioning structure emerges earlier than expected.
In Ghana, a relatively higher-risk environment than high-income countries, young children may employ strategies that may speed up the development of executive functioning structure.